A RCT of Low MBO Drainage Strategies

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Patients suffer from severe cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases who are unable to tolerate anesthesia or endoscopic examination;
• •2. Uncorrectable coagulation abnormalities or bleeding tendencies (INR\>1.5 or platelets\<50) × 109 /L);
• •3. There is a plan for subsequent surgical resection of the tumor, accompanied by severe infection or an expected survival period of less than 3 months;
• •4. Successful biliary drainage measures have been implemented, including but not limited to ERCP, ENBD, PTCD, and surgical procedures;
• •5. Previous surgical changes to the anatomical structure of the pancreas, gallbladder, stomach, and duodenum;
• •6. Pregnancy, lactation, or planned pregnancy;
• •7. Refusal to join or inability to provide informed consent;
• •8. Other researchers evaluated the unsuitability of enrollment.