Evaluation of Corticosteroids Use and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study

A multicenter retrospective study was performed over three months targeting 422 COVID-19 patients from six hospitals in Lebanon. Data were collected from patients' medical charts retrospectively and covered a period of one year (September 2020 to August 2021). The study sample included 422 patients, predominantly males, with 59% of cases classified as severe or critical cases. Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone were the most used corticosteroids. Around 22% of the patients died during hospitalization. After adjusting for covariates, performing a polymerase chain reaction test before admission increased the mortality rate by 424% compared to doing it at hospital admission (adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) 4.24, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.35-13.3), with 18.11 times higher mortality rate among critical cases (aHR 18.11, 95% CI 9.63-31.05). Exposure to side effects from corticosteroids increased the mortality rate by 514% compared to others (aHR 5.14, 95% CI 1.28-8.58). In particular, the mortality rate among patients having hyperglycemia dropped by 73% compared to others (aHR 0.27, 95% CI 0.06-0.98). Corticosteroids are frequently used in treating hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The all-cause mortality rate was higher among older and critical cases and lower among smokers and those treated for more than 7 days. Research exploring the safety and efficacy of corticosteroids is required to allow better in-hospital management of COVID-19 cases.