Effects of Hypocaloric Diets With Different Glycemic Loads on Pulse Wave Velocity

Worldwide, in terms of attributable deaths, the main intermediate risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases is systemic arterial hypertension, followed by overweight and sustained hyperglycemia. These factors have positively influenced public and private spending on health. The more robust studies showed that age is one of the main determinants of arterial stiffness. However, there is a possibility that other variables, such as elevated glucose levels, obesity, and systemic inflammation itself, as well as insulin resistance are important factors in this scenario. On the other hand, the measurement of the pulse wave velocity is widely acceptable for the evaluation of the arterial stiffness, inferring the cardiovascular risk in different populations. Since arterial stiffness is influenced by hemodynamic forces and inflammatory mediators, which may be related to sodium and glucose balance, it is necessary to evaluate whether a hypocaloric and low glycemic load diet, in a thesis that decreases lipid and inflammatory levels, may have favorable effects on pulse wave velocity in overweight adults.

The diets will be calculated in Microsoft Excel 2018 software, using tables of nutritional composition, glycemic index and glycemic load, which have foods with high glycemic index or glycemic load (white rice, white bread, corn flakes, mashed potatoes, orange juice (brown rice, whole wheat bread, whole noodles, oat bran, yogurt, milk, apple, pear, peach). The methodology for calculating GC estimates will be based on the FAO / WHO Protocol. The diets will be designed in 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 and 2000 kcal / day. All participants will be categorized according to one of the five levels of the diet's energy content. In addition, all patients will receive a leaflet with nutritional guidelines according to their diet. During the study, participants will be required to maintain their medication consumption, if any, as prescribed by a physician. To assess adherence to the diet, participants will consult with a nutritionist on a weekly basis and complete the 24-hour food recall. It will be measured the pulse wave velocity.This outcome will be evaluated before the beginning of the diets and 6 weeks after the beginning of the diets.