Cholinergic Markers Alzheimer's Disease

Several previous studies have assessed acetylcholine (Ach) and acetylcholinesterase activity (AchE-a) levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Ach level was significantly decreased in AD patients, and correlated positively with dementia score and MMSE (1, 2). Two studies have demonstrated positive correlations between CSF AchE-a and CSF Tau, phosphorylated-Tau (P-Tau) and AB 1-42 peptide (3,4). ChEIs (cholinesterase inhibitors) have been approved for the treatment of AD but only 20 to 30 % of patients are responders (5). Any consistent data allow the clinician to predict the response to the treatment. The link between basal cholinergic status and ChEIs efficiency has never been done. Even if, there is a wild research in AD treatment, ChEIs or treatment acting on the Ach pathways will remain a long time valuable treatment particularly in moderate AD in which disease modifying therapies did not show any efficiency. The investigators's objective is to prospectively explore the predicting value of CSF Ach and AchE-a levels on ChEIs response in AD patients.

Strategy: Within the framework of the usual management, the investigators propose the protocol to patients who had an assay of the CSF biomarkers with a CSF AD biological profile before the introduction of an IChEs and having accepted Their CSF will stocked in our biobank. Patients will only have additional neuropsychological assessments. The rest of the care comes under the current care. The quantification of ACh in the CSF will be performed in tandem mass spectrometry after separation by liquid chromatography (LC-MS / MS). AChE activity will be determined by colorimetric determination. The investigators's objective is to prospectively explore the predicting value of CSF Ach and AchE-a levels on ChEIs response in AD patients. The evaluation criteria will be * Difference of the mean value of the ACh level and AChE activity in the CSF between the responder and non-respondier groups of patients. * "Responder" patients are defined by an improvement of at least 4 points on the ADAS-Cog (cognitive part) ADAS-Cog after 6 months of treatment. * "Non-responders" are defined as aggravation, lack of improvement or improvement \<4 points on the ADAS-Cog scale.