Validation of Respiration Rate Algorithms

Exclusion Criteria

• •Young Healthy Volunteers
• •* Any condition which might increase the risk of exercise testing
• •* Any history of ischaemic heart disease
• •* Any history of heart failure
• •* Any structural heart disease (eg: valvular lesions, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy)
• •* Any abnormalities on a resting ECG
• •* Deep vein thrombosis diagnosed within the last 6 months or under active treatment
• •* Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \>220 mm Hg, diastolic \>120 mm Hg)
• •* Aortic aneurysm
• •* Aortic or cardiovascular surgery within 6 months of recruitment
• •* A family history of sudden cardiac death, congenital arrhythmia syndromes or cardiomyopathy
• •* Autonomic dysfunction, either previously diagnosed or upon testing by the research team
• •* Any condition involving the brain or spinal cord
• •* Diabetes
• •* Alcohol consumption \> 21 units/week for women and 28 units/week for men or a history of previous alcohol dependence.
• •* Acute kidney injury
• •* Chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5
• •* Any condition causing hepatic dysfunction
• •* Presence of a permanent pacemaker (these participants would be eligible for the pacemaker group)
• •* Reduced chest wall movement (these participants would be eligible for the reduced chest movement group)
• •* Any acute infection requiring antibiotic treatment within 3 months of recruitment
• •* Any other surgery or illness requiring hospitalisation within 3 months of recruitment
• •* Currently taking any medication with the exception of analgesics or the oral contraceptive pill.
• •* Any wound or skin condition affecting the torso which may be affected by the application of adhesive ECG dots to the skin
• •* Pregnancy
• •* Inability to give informed consent
• •Older Healthy Volunteers
• •* Any diagnosed condition primarily affecting the cardiovascular or respiratory systems
• •* Symptomatic autonomic dysfunction
• •* Orthostatic hypotension
• •* Any condition involving the brain or spinal cord
• •* Diabetes
• •* Alcohol consumption \> 21 units/week for women and 28 units/week for men or a history of previous alcohol dependence.
• •* Acute kidney injury
• •* Chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5
• •* Any condition causing hepatic dysfunction
• •* Presence of a permanent pacemaker
• •* Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
• •* Any muscular dystrophy
• •* Kyphosis
• •* Scoliosis
• •* Pectus excavatum
• •* Any disease involving the lungs or pleura
• •* Any acute infection requiring antibiotic treatment within 3 months of recruitment
• •* Any other surgery or illness requiring hospitalisation within 3 months of recruitment
• •* Currently taking any medication with the exception of analgesics or the oral contraceptive pill.
• •* Any wound or skin condition affecting the torso which may be affected by the application of adhesive ECG dots to the skin
• •* Pregnancy
• •* Inability to give informed consent
• •Patients
• •* Any infection which would require isolation or barrier nursing according to the hospital's infection control policy
• •* Any wound or skin condition affecting the torso which may be affected by the application of adhesive ECG dots to the skin
• •* Requirement for any form of artificial ventilatory support, including oxygen therapy