CONNECT for Better Falls Prevention in VA Community Living Centers

Background: The current standard to improve resident outcomes in VA nursing homes combines educational programs and quality improvement processes. These educational programs typically focus on individual staff members' behavior and mastery of content, and use such instructional techniques as didactic modules, audit and feedback of individual performance, and academic detailing by influential peers. However, social constructivism theory and complexity science suggests that learning is a social process that occurs within the context of the relationships and interactions of the individual in their environment. Thus, traditional QI educational programs will not result in optimal changes in staff behavior unless a context is present which allows social learning to occur. Objectives: Based on social constructivist theory, complexity science, and prior research we have developed an educational intervention (CONNECT) that teaches staff to improve connections within and between disciplines, improve information flow, and seek out cognitive diversity in problem-solving about resident issues. The objectives of this study are to: (a) determine whether CONNECT improves staff interaction measures, fall-related process measures, and fall rates when combined with standard training on fall risk factor reduction, and (b) use the insights gained about social constructivist learning in CLCs to develop other educational interventions that address multi-factorial geriatric syndromes and system issues such as patient safety in VA nursing homes. Methods: To achieve these objectives we are conducting a randomized, controlled, single-blind study in which nursing homes receive either CONNECT plus a falls QI educational intervention (FALLS) or FALLS alone. Four VA CLCs in VISN-6 will participate, with an estimated n=144 participating staff members, and n=340 unique individuals with falls. The CONNECT intervention will be delivered over 3 months, and includes interactive in-class learning sessions, unit-based mentoring, and relationship mapping, all focused on helping staff build networks and relationships for problem-solving. The FALLS intervention will be delivered over 3 months either alone or after the CONNECT intervention. It includes web-based modules, audit and feedback, and academic detailing, all focused on individual fall reduction behaviors. Measurement is performed prior to intervention (all measures), at the conclusion of intervention (staff interaction measures, work environment measures, and social constructivist learning focus groups), and 6 months after the intervention (fall-related process and outcome measures). Analysis will use mixed models to account for the complex nesting of patients and staff within facilities. Status: Funding will begin on August 1, 2009 with anticipated intervention start time of January, 2010.